Ηφαίστεια!

[Gavis 1,078]

 

 

 

 

για τον φιλο μου τον σταθη τον Βελενζα........

 

Α!

[Δεν Ξενερώνω! 4,748]

οι Γεωλογοι του μελλοντος,οταν καποιος θα μελετα τα ηφαιστειακα πετρωματα στις pillow lavas που σχηματιζονται στην εδω εκχυση λαβας, θα αναρωτιουνται γιατι σε καποια τυχαια τομη (μικροσκοπιου) θα συναντησουν μια περιεργη και διαφορετικη συσταση του πετρωματος.

Ισως τοτε ανακαλυψουν και την "κρυφη" συσταση του ανωτερω αναψυκτικου

 

Η αληθεια ειναι οτι γλυτωσανε πολυ φτηνα το κινδυνο εκρηξης απο εγκλωβισμενο αερα εντος του κουτιου

[wraith 6,406]

 

Η αληθεια ειναι οτι γλυτωσανε πολυ φτηνα το κινδυνο εκρηξης απο εγκλωβισμενο αερα εντος του κουτιου

 

Πάντως σίγουρα δεν την είχε γλυτώσει η κατάψυξη μου!

 

Στάλθηκε από το LG-V500 μου χρησιμοποιώντας Tapatalk

 

 

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

In the middle of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, there is an extremely active volcano complex. It’s known as Tolbachik, and it being in the midst of an active eruption isn’t that uncommon. That’s why the adventurous photographer duo from Kyrgyzstan, Andrew and Luda, decided to pay Tolbachik a visit. They wanted to get up close and personal with it’s fiery attitude.

You won’t believe HOW close. The two wanted to document what it really looks like on the inside of the active volcano…

 

 

The Russian volcano Tolbachik is active.

 

 

 

So active, in fact, that the photographers were visiting during an eruption.

 

 

 

 

Lava reaches temperatures between 1,292 to 2,192 °F. That could literally melt your face off.

 

 

 

 

 

But Andrew and Luda braved the danger to get these truly spectacular shots.

 

 

 

Tolbachik actually consists of two volcanoes, Plosky and Ostry (which sound more like two cartoon friends and less like dangerous volcanic sites).

 

 

This volcano isn’t meek, either. In 1975, there was a large event called the “The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption,” which was preceded by an earthquake swarm.

 

 

 

Their photography lets the world see what it might be like inside of an active volcano.

 

 

This is amazing, but it takes guts and skills that most people just don’t have. Wow.

 

 

Although the photographers do good work of capturing other wildlife, their photo sets of the volcanoes are just jaw-dropping.

 

Πηγή: http://www.viralnova.com/active-volcano-photography/

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

Μια ταινία από την έκρηξη της Αγίας Ελένης:

 

http://youtube.com/watch?v=3zHgwiOK3oU

[kostasbmw 989]

http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Volcanoes/New-Zealand-Volcanoes

 

η χωρα με τα ηφαιστεια στο Taupo ειχα καποτε τη τυχη να παω

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

To Tavurvur στην Παπούα Νέα Γουινέα εκρήγνυται, τα σύννεφα ανοίγουν από το ωστικό κύμα, ενώ οι τύποι στο σκάφος λερώνουν τα εσώρουχα τους όταν τους φτάνει ο ήχος:

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUREX8aFbMs

[Δεν Ξενερώνω! 4,748]

Αν υποθεσουμε οτι η ταχυτητα του ηχο ειναι 340,29 μ/δευτ και εκανε περιπου 14 δευτ να φτασει σε αυτους τοτε ο καμεραμαν βρισκοταν 4,76 χλμ μακρια!!!!!

Edited September 6, 2014 by Δεν Ξενερωνω

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

How do you stop the flow of lava?

 

By Taylor Kate BrownBBC News, Washington

 

Hawaii's Kilauea volcano has been erupting continuously for decades but a newly opened vent has threatened homes

 

 

Authorities on Hawaii's Big Island have declared a state of emergency as lava from the Kilauea volcano threatens residential communities and roads. Is there any way to stop a lava flow and save the homes in its path?

 

The Sicilians have always been threatened by Mount Etna, the volcano mountain in the north-eastern part of the island. In 1669, resourceful residents of the village of Catania fought back against the all-destructive force of molten lava.

 

"Armed with shovels and pickaxes and protecting themselves against heat with wet sheep-skins", according to one academic account, the Catanians opened an artificial breach, cutting off the lava's path.

 

The residents of nearby Paterno were not pleased. They believed the diversion pointed the lava directly at their own community and decided to stop Catania's attempts. The breach sealed up and the lava continued flowing toward Catania, destroying a large portion of the town.

 

It was the modern start to what Dr Shannon Nawotniak, a professor of geology at Idaho State University, calls a "spectacularly poor success rate" of stopping lava.

 

Mount Etna is the second-most active volcano in the world

 

At temperatures of about 1,000C (1,832F), lava destroys whatever it touches. Its path is notoriously hard to predict.

The ability to impede or redirect lava largely depends on location, resources and luck. Here are four strategies:

 

Bomb it

 

Before he was a general in World War Two, George S Patton designed a different kind of military campaign - a bombing run on Hawaii's Mauna Loa, the largest volcano on Earth, as it erupted in 1935.

 

As the lava began flowing at a rate of one mile (1.6km) a day towards the city of Hilo, then-director of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Thomas Jaggar suggested bombing lava tubes.

 

Lava tubes are cooled and hardened outer crusts of lava which provide insulation for the faster-flowing, molten rock inside. Such a conduit enables lava to move farther and faster.

 

In theory, bombs would destroy the lava tubes, robbing lava of an easy transport channel and exposing more of the lava to the air, slowing and cooling it further.

 

But in practice, while bombs created craters in parts of the tubes, they were soon filled again by the lava. Hilo was instead saved when Mauna Loa stopped erupting.

 

Lava tubes allows molten rock to move farther than it otherwise would

 

Later tests by the US Air Force suggested newer, larger bombs could make more of a difference if they were targeted at the most vulnerable sections of the flow.

 

Cool it with water

 

One of the most successful lava stops came in the 1970s on the Icelandic island of Haimey. Lava from the Eldfell volcano threatened the island's harbour and the town of Vestmannaeyjar.

 

For almost five months in 1973, frigid sea water was blasted through cannons towards the advancing lava. As the water hit the superheated rock, it turned into steam, allowing the lava's heat to dissipate.

 

Lava stopped in the middle of a street in Vestmannaeyjar

 

A fifth of Vestmannaeyjar was destroyed before larger cannons were brought in, but enough of the lava flow was slowed and redirected to save the harbour.

 

In all, 1.5 billion gallons (6.8 billion litres) of water were used.

 

But conditions were right for such an intervention to work - the lava from Eldfell was particularly slow moving and an inexhaustible supply of water was available, Dr Nawotniak says.

 

Build a barrier

 

Back at Mount Etna, an eruption in March 1983 threatened three towns. Barriers of rock and ash were constructed in an attempt to divert the lava.

 

"They were trying to slow it down and direct it downhill," Dr Nawotniak says.

One of the first barriers, 18m high and 10m wide, was overrun, but a second barrier blocked lava from moving further west.

 

The Sapienza barrier in 1983

 

Two other major barriers kept the flow from reaching the main tourist area of Etna on the eastern side of a valley.

The lava missed buildings by metres. One of the barriers, known as Sapienza, had six feet added to it by the lava. But Sapienza and the others held until the eruption ended in August.

 

Add concrete

 

Almost 10 years later, Etna erupted again, and Italian officials used the lessons of the earlier eruption to save the town of Zafferana. In addition to barriers, workers created an artificial trench to catch lava redirected from a breach made with explosives. That only pushed away part of the lava, so concrete blocks were dumped into the remaining flow, fully diverting its path.

 

But how many of the successful diversions or stops of lava only worked because the eruptions ended when they did? The US Geological Survey suggests that the Iceland and Etna diversions "may not have succeeded had their respective eruptions continued".

 

"You have to be in a wealthy country with a lot at stake to even consider" lava diversion, Dr Nawotniak says, considering the volume of volcanic eruptions and the potential costs.

 

"You might buy yourself some time until the volcano stops itself," she says.

 

The path of lava is difficult to predict

 

Diversion may push lava away from one area only to direct it toward another human settlement. The residents of Paterno knew that well.

 

Dr Nawotniak says she and her fellow geologists see lava diversion as an ultimately losing battle.

A better focus, she says, is improving the prediction of volcanic eruptions.

"That way we can give people the best possible chance to move on their own terms," she says.

A house submerged in ash

 

The Icelandic eruption 41 years ago buried hundreds of houses. Archaeologists have been uncovering what remained of the buildings, giving the island the nickname "Pompeii of the North". An entire museum has been built around the remains of one of the homes. For some people on the island, however, uncovering the remnants of a traumatic past has been difficult.

 

Iceland's 'Pompeii' emerging from the ash

 

Πηγή: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29136747

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

Hawaii Volcano Kilauea Heads Towards Village

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

Hawaiian Lava Invading Village Homes, Spurring Evacuation

 

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

11 Photos of Iceland's Bardarbunga Volcano Erupting That Are Just Unreal

BY ANDREW FREEDMAN Sep 11, 2014

Iceland's Bardarbunga volcano has been erupting since Aug. 29, with lava shooting out of the ground on the Holuhraun lava field about halfway between that volcano and a neighboring volcano called Askja. The lava has flown out of the collapsed crater of Bardarbunga, known as a caldera, in a nearly 30 mile long dyke, before reaching the Earth's surface.

The flow of molten rock, or magma, out from underneath the volcano, through the dyke, and out of the ground has been so significant that the caldera itself — which sits underneath the Dyngjujokull glacier — has sunk by more than 61 feet, which is the largest amount of subsidence observed in any volcano in Iceland since such observations began in about 1950.

 

SEE ALSO: Iceland Investigating Two Volcanoes After Overnight Eruption

 

Due to the magma movement and the sinking volcano, earthquakes continue to rattle the area, with a 5.5 magnitude quake on Wednesday, and a 5.3 magnitude quake on Thursday.

Scientists studying the volcano from the air and the ground have had to contend with hazardous plumes of sulfur dioxide gas that are streaming from the fissure in the ground that opened up on the Holuhraun lava field, like a scrape on a person's skin. The gases may pose a health hazard to populated areas downwind of the eruption, and have been detected as far away as Norway.

The scientists are still unsure exactly how the eruption will proceed from here. It could eventually result in flooding or an ash-producing eruption that would disrupt trans-Atlantic air travel and, if it is large enough, exert a cooling influence in the Earth's climate.

For now, though, the eruption is relatively benign, and absolutely beautiful.

• 

   

   

  A person stands in front of the lava flow and massive smoke plumes of the Holuhraun Fissure, near the Bardarbunga Volcano, Iceland on Sept. 2, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: ARCTIC-IMAGES/CORBIS

   

• 

   

   

  A close-up night view of the lava flow as heat from the lava distorts the view of the fountains in the distance on Sept. 2, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: ARCTIC-IMAGES/CORBIS

   

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  Aerial view of the lava fountains and massive plumes near the Bardarbunga Volcano, Iceland on Sept. 1, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: ARCTIC-IMAGES/CORBIS

   

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  Steam rises into the air near the Bardarbunga Volcano on Sept. 2, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: ARCTIC-IMAGES/CORBIS

   

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  A close up of lava from an eruption at the Holuhraun fissure on Sept. 1, 2014. Lava fountains danced along a lengthy volcanic fissure near Iceland's subglacial Bardarbunga volcano.

   

  IMAGE: EGGERT JOHANNESSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS

   

• 

   

   

  In this aerial view, fountains of lava, up to 200 feet high, spurt from a fissure in the ground on the north side of the Bardarbunga volcano in Iceland on Sept. 2, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: STEFANO DI NICOLO/ASSOCIATED PRESS

   

• 

   

   

  The sky over the site of a lava eruption on the Holuhraun fissure on Sept. 1, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: EGGERT JOHANNESSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS

   

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  A twilight view of lava fountains of Holuhraun created by the Bardarbunga volcano in Iceland on Sept. 2, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: ARCTIC-IMAGES/CORBIS

   

• 

   

   

  An aerial view of the eruption at the Holuhraun Fissure by the Bardarbunga Volcano in Iceland on Sept. 2, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: ARCTIC-IMAGES/CORBIS

   

• 

   

   

  A man stands near a lava eruption on Holuhraun, northwest of the Dyngjujoekull glacier in Iceland on Sep.1, 2014.

   

  IMAGE: EGGERT JOHANNESSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS

   

• 

   

   

  An aerial view of fountains of lava on the north side of the Bardarbunga volcano in Iceland on Sept. 2, 2014.

   

   

   

Πηγή: http://mashable.com/2014/09/11/iceland-bardabunga-volcano-eruption-photos/

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

Why Does This Indonesian Volcano Burn Bright Blue?

Olivier Grunewald's dramatic photos showcase blue flames—not blue lava—that result from burning sulfur

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

“Dirty Thunderstorm” Over Mount Etna



Fire and ash flewflew several kilometres into the air as Mount Etna erupted for the first time in two yearsthis week.

Marco Restivo/Demotix/Corbis


Etna sits on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, and is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. On Wednesday 2 December its Voragine crater, one of five craters at the volcano’s summit, began erupting.



But among the ash, there were also bursts of lightning.

Marco Restivo/Demotix/Corbis


Scientists think volcanic lightning – also known as a “dirty thunderstorm” – happens because some of the material ejected from the volcano has a positive charge. The lightning is nature’s way of getting rid of the charge.

Writing in the journal Science in 1965, after seeing lightning during the eruption of an oceanic volcano off the south coast of Iceland, researchers wrote:

“Measurements of atmospheric electricity and visual and photographic observations lead us to believe that the electrical activity is caused by the ejection from the volcano into the atmosphere of material carrying a large positive charge.”

Scientists don’t know exactly where this positive charge comes from, but they have some clues.

Marco Restivo/Demotix/Corbis

One of those clues comes in the form of small glass spheres found after an eruption. A study published earlier this year in the journal Geology found that these “spherules” were left behind after volcanic lightning during eruptions of Alaska’s Mount Redoubt in 2009 and Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull in 2010, and scientists hope the orbs will help them work out exactly how and why we see lightning during some volcanic eruptions.

According to the BBC, Etna’s eruption meant a nearby airport had to close and left several villages covered in ash.

Marco Restivo/Demotix/Corbis

A NASA satellite even managed to catch the eruption’s ash cloud from the air.

NASA Earth Observatory / Landsat / U.S. Geological Survey. / Via earthobservatory.nasa.gov

Πηγή: http://www.buzzfeed.com/kellyoakes/you-need-to-see-this-dirty-thunderstorm-over-mount-etna

[miscelano 3,150]

παει τη χασανε τη σεζον οι σιτσιλιανοι...ηδη φιλοι μου κανονιζουν να ρθουν βασιλιτσα για να τσουλησουν χεχεχχε

[vro 10,269]

στα ηφαίστεια της καμτσιάκα κυκλοφορουν κατι τύποι θεομουρλοι

 

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

https://www.facebook.com/TheWeatherChannel/videos/10155091283165921/?hc_ref=NEWSFEED

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

why don't we just throw all our garbage into volcanoes?

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

Thousands evacuated after Bali volcano placed on highest alert level

http://p.dw.com/p/2kZAY

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

here are six volcanoes we’ll be watching out for in 2018:

 

http://flip.it/fHGNiD

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

https://www.facebook.com/peter.rendezvous.9/posts/1981528992165437

[Χρήστος Λάππας 25,406]

Kilauea: Hawaii emergency declared over volcano eruption http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-44001651